Everything about Tissue Plasminogen Activator totally explained
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| Name = Plasminogen activator, tissue
| HGNCid = 9051
| Symbol = PLAT
| AltSymbols =; DKFZp686I03148; T-PA; TPA
| OMIM = 173370
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 717
| MGIid = 97610
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_PLAT_201860_s_at_tn.png
| Function =
| Component =
| Process =
| Orthologs =
}}
Tissue plasminogen activator (abbreviated
PLAT or
tPA) is a
serine protease normally found on the surface of endothelial cells of veins, capillaries, the pulmonary artery,
heart, and uterus, and is secreted after vascular injury. It converts the
proenzyme plasminogen to
plasmin, a
fibrinolytic enzyme. Plasminogen is synthesized as a single chain, which is cleaved by PLAT into the two chain disulfide linked
plasmin.
Function
This enzyme plays a role in
cell migration and
tissue remodeling. Increased enzymatic activity causes
hyperfibrinolysis, which manifests as excessive bleeding; decreased activity leads to
hypofibrinolysis which can result in
thrombosis or
embolism.
Gene
Alternative splicing of the PLAT
gene,
PLAT, produces three
transcripts.
Clinical applications
Recombinant PLAT is used in diseases that feature
blood clots, such as
myocardial infarction and
stroke. To be effective, PLAT must be administered within the first three hours of the event to be given intravenously, or within six hours to be administered through an arterial catheter directly to the site of occlusion. The guideline in Ontario, Canada hospitals for ischemic strokes is that tPA must be given within 3 hours of the onset of symptoms. Because of this, only about 3% of patients qualify for this treatment. TPA appears to show benefit not only for large artery occlusions but also for
lacunar strokes. Since PLAT dissolves
blood clots, there's risk of
hemorrhage with its use.
Recently tPA has been used to dissolve thrombi associated with ischemic strokes and brain injury.
In addition, people with
frostbite that were treated with tPA had fewer amputations than those that were not.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Tissue Plasminogen Activator'.
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